Students are expected to be familiar with a number of concepts from COMPSCI 314 or 315 and its prerequisites. These include: layered communication/encapsulation, transmission media, signals, frequency, bandwidth, latency, modulation, decibels, synchronisation, error detection and correction, data link layer protocols such as Ethernet, collision detection and management on media, IPv4 addresses, ARP, DHCP, IPv4 subnetting, making IP forwarding decisions based on destination address and netmask, DNS, TCP, TCP sequence numbering and congestion window, HTTP and E-mail protocols.