PHYSICS 120 and PHYSICS 121 together provide the essential knowledge and skill base for further studies in physics and other physical sciences at the University of Auckland. PHYSICS 120 is a required course for students majoring in Physics, Applied Physics, and Geophysics and is offered in S1 and 2; PHYSICS 121 is a prerequisite for core second-year physics courses offered in S2. In PHYSICS 121, students are introduced to physical phenomena, the underlying principles, and selected technological applications related to electromagnetism, optics, and modern physics. Further emphasis is placed on developing awareness of knowledge construction and also proficiency in modelling, practical laboratory skills, data analysis, and scientific communication. A range of teaching and learning approaches are used, such as direct and interactive instruction, laboratories, collaborative exercises, and independent study. PHYSICS 121 assumes and builds on knowledge equivalent to NCEA Level 3 Physics and Mathematics, and students are advised to take recommended mathematics courses concurrently with this course.