Human beings exhibit a uniquely developed capacity for flexible thought and action. In order to account for this flexibility of mind, researchers in cognitive, social, and developmental psychology have proposed various dual-process theories that explore how automatic (implicit, parallel) and controlled (explicit, serial) processes interact to support adaptive thought and behaviour in different domains. In this course, we will explore how dual-process theories have been applied to topics such as memory, learning, categorisation, theory of mind, numerical cognition, moral reasoning, social attribution, cognitive control, and decision-making. In so doing, we will discuss key processing frameworks, including connectionism and contemporary versions of reinforcement learning. The skills developed in this course will be particularly useful for those wishing to pursue (a) a MSc or PhD in psychology, (b) a career involving the intersection of psychology and technology (e.g., working on artificial intelligence), or (c) a career in education or public health.